Cultivation techniques of peanut

In different regions of China, peanuts and other crops form a planting system of one harvest a year, three harvests a year, two or three harvests a year, so that there are spring peanuts, wheat peanuts, summer peanuts and autumn peanuts, and winter peanuts can also be planted in individual areas of Guangdong. Some peanut cultivation has been developed in paddy fields, forming a rotation system of peanut - rice or rice - peanut. In some places, the growing season is longer, the rice varieties are suitable, and the double cropping rice can also be rotated. Guangdong, Fujian and other autumn peanut harvest pod for the second year of spring sowing species, can improve the emergence rate, to ensure that the seedlings are full, Miao strong, the local commonly known as "over the autumn seed" or "over the spring". Due to underground podding, loose sandy soil, gravel soil or sandy loam soil is required to facilitate fruit needle insertion, pod development and harvest. Deep ploughing and turning are beneficial to the growth and development of peanut.
Seed germination requires higher temperature, which is 12-15℃ for suitable pearl bean type and 15-18℃ for ordinary type. Some varieties have strong dormancy and are difficult to germinate at low temperatures. In addition, after the seeds absorb water, the contents are converted into sugar, which is easy to attract underground pests such as ants. Therefore, mastering timely sowing is the key to full seedling strength. The soil should not be too thick, and 5-7 cm is appropriate when the moisture content is good. When the thickness of the soil cover exceeds the normal extension length of the cotyl, it should be removed. "Clearing trees and squatting seedling" is to use the hand hoe to dig up the soil surface after seedling emergence, so that the cotyledon node is exposed to the soil, which is conducive to the growth of the first pair of lateral branches, more flowering and more fruit. In principle, in addition to keeping the field ventilated and transparent, the planting density should be able to cover the ground in the later period of growth, prevent soil water evaporation and inhibit weeds. Under the general production conditions, 12,000-15,000 plants of ordinary type peanut are planted in the north, and the pearl bean type peanut should be slightly dense. In southern China, 18,000-22,000 pearl bean varieties were planted in mu. 
Nitrogen should not be applied too much at seedling stage. The effect of applying trace elements such as boron according to soil condition is remarkable. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron can be applied externally. When the yield is about 250 kg per mu, each 100 kg pod absorbs about 5-7 kg of nitrogen, 1-1.2 kg of phosphorus, 2-3.5 kg of potassium, and the demand for calcium is second only to potassium. Calcium fertilizer can regulate the soil acidity, improve the nutritional status of peanut, promote the metabolism of nitrogen, reduce the empty shell and increase the full fruit rate. The organs of peanut have different functions of calcium absorption and utilization. The calcium absorbed by the roots can only be transported upward, and little can be transported to supply pod development. In order to make the needle and pod can directly absorb and utilize the calcium in the soil, calcium fertilizer should be spread in the soil of the podding area. The calcium requirement of different varieties is different, the pearl bean type is lower, the common type is higher.